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− | The [[Domain Name System|domain name system]] allows users to refer to websites and other Internet resources using names rather than the all-numeric IP addresses assigned to each computer on the Internet. Each domain name consists of a series of character strings separated by dots. The right-most string is the '''top-level domain (TLD)'''. Every TLD is managed by a single [[:Category:Registries|registry]]. | + | The '''top-level domain (TLD)''' is the right-most string, or series of characters, in every [[URL|web address]]. The [[Domain Name System|domain name system]] allows users to refer to websites and other Internet resources using names rather than the all-numeric IP addresses assigned to each computer on the Internet. Every TLD is managed by a single [[:Category:Registries|registry]]. |
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| ==TLD Growth - Overview from 1983 to 2021== | | ==TLD Growth - Overview from 1983 to 2021== |
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| | April 2011 || [[.xxx]] || Sponsored gTLD || || [[ICM Registry]] had submitted proposals for this sTLD for pornographic sites since 2000 | | | April 2011 || [[.xxx]] || Sponsored gTLD || || [[ICM Registry]] had submitted proposals for this sTLD for pornographic sites since 2000 |
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− | | June 20, 2011 || || || || [[ICANN Board]] votes to dramatically increase the number of gTLDs from the 22 already in operation | + | | June 20, 2011 || [[.post]] || sTLD || last TLD before New TLD Program || [[ICANN Board]] votes to dramatically increase the number of gTLDs from the 22 already in operation |
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| | January 12, 2012 || || [[Community TLD|community]] or standard || applicant decides if the nTLD is for a defined community consisting of a restricted population; the distinction between sponsored/unsponsored TLDs is deemed irrelevant to this round of nTLDs ||The application window for [[All New gTLD Applications]] opens | | | January 12, 2012 || || [[Community TLD|community]] or standard || applicant decides if the nTLD is for a defined community consisting of a restricted population; the distinction between sponsored/unsponsored TLDs is deemed irrelevant to this round of nTLDs ||The application window for [[All New gTLD Applications]] opens |
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− | | June 13, 2012 || -- || -- || -- || Reveal Day: [[All New gTLD Applications|1,930 applications for new gTLDs submitted]]; '''751''' of which were contested | + | | June 13, 2012 || [[.scot]] || community nTLD application || for Scottish culture || Reveal Day: [[All New gTLD Applications|1,930 applications for new gTLDs submitted]]; '''751''' of which were contested |
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| | July 15, 2013 || [[.сайт]], [[.онлайн]], [[.شبكة]], [[.游戏]] || [[IDN]] nTLDs || (xn--80aswg) – Russian for "site"; (xn--80asehdb) – Russian for "online"شبكة (xn--ngbc5azd) – Arabic for "web/network"; (xn--unup4y) – Chinese for "game(s)" || First four nTLD aggreements signed | | | July 15, 2013 || [[.сайт]], [[.онлайн]], [[.شبكة]], [[.游戏]] || [[IDN]] nTLDs || (xn--80aswg) – Russian for "site"; (xn--80asehdb) – Russian for "online"شبكة (xn--ngbc5azd) – Arabic for "web/network"; (xn--unup4y) – Chinese for "game(s)" || First four nTLD aggreements signed |
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| | June 2020 || [[IDN]] ccTLDs || -- || -- || 61 IDN ccTLDs approved | | | June 2020 || [[IDN]] ccTLDs || -- || -- || 61 IDN ccTLDs approved |
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− | | March 2021 || -- || -- || -- || [[IANA]] lists 1589 TLDs (1503 in use, 67 not assigned/revoked, 8 retired, 11 test domains) | + | | October 17, 2020 || [[.spa]] || nTLD || latest delegated nTLD || [[IANA]] lists 1589 TLDs (1503 in use, 67 not assigned/revoked, 8 retired, 11 test domains) |
| |} | | |} |
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| There are different types of TLDs. | | There are different types of TLDs. |
| ===[[gTLD]]s=== | | ===[[gTLD]]s=== |
| + | *[[gTLD|the original generic top-level domains]] |
| + | *[[sTLD]]s - has a sponsor for a specific purpose, such as to represent a specific ethnic community, professional group, or geographical location. |
| + | *[[All New gTLD Applications|nTLD]]s - domains that were introduced beginning in October 2013 |
| + | *[[community TLD]]s relate to local events, gatherings, organizations, or communities, in essence replacing sTLDs |
| + | *[[geoTLD]]s represent geographical or regional areas that are not countries with three or more ASCII characters. |
| *[[brand TLD]]s - corporations use their corporate name as their website's top-level identifier instead of .com or .biz domain space | | *[[brand TLD]]s - corporations use their corporate name as their website's top-level identifier instead of .com or .biz domain space |
− | *[[community TLD]]s relate to local events, gatherings, or organizations.
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− | *[[geoTLD]]s represent geographical or regional areas that are not countries with three or more ASCII characters.
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| *[[hSTLD]]s | | *[[hSTLD]]s |
− | *[[All New gTLD Applications|nTLD]]s - domains that were introduced beginning in October 2013
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− | *[[sTLD]]s - has a sponsor for a specific purpose, such as to represent a specific ethnic community, professional group, or geographical location.
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| ===[[ccTLD]]s=== | | ===[[ccTLD]]s=== |
| [[:Category:CcTLD|Country-code TLDs]] are delegated to a designated [[:Category:CcTLD Registry|ccTLD registry]], which is operated by a [[:Category:CcTLD Manager|ccTLD Manager]], according to local policies that are adapted to meet the economic, cultural, linguistic, and legal circumstances of the country or territory involved. | | [[:Category:CcTLD|Country-code TLDs]] are delegated to a designated [[:Category:CcTLD Registry|ccTLD registry]], which is operated by a [[:Category:CcTLD Manager|ccTLD Manager]], according to local policies that are adapted to meet the economic, cultural, linguistic, and legal circumstances of the country or territory involved. |
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| ==Reserved Names== | | ==Reserved Names== |
− | * country code top-level domains | + | Some domain names are reserved, which means they can only be used (if at all) by the [[:Category:Entities|entities]] for whom they are reserved. |
− | * related to ICANN | + | * [[ccTLDs|country code top-level domains]] |
− | * related to IANA functions | + | * [[ICANN|related to ICANN]] |
− | * names of countries and territories | + | * [[IANA|related to IANA functions]] |
− | * names of international and intergovernmental organizations | + | * [[:Category:Government|names of countries and territories]] |
− | * names that a registry operator uses to operate the gTLD | + | * [[:Category:Organizations|names of international and intergovernmental organizations]] |
| + | * [[:Category:registries|names that a registry operator uses to operate the gTLD]] |
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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| [[Category: Glossary]] | | [[Category: Glossary]] |
− | [[Category: Acronym]]
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