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Line 7: − − ==IPv4 Address Allocation== − The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority[[IANA]] allocates parts of the IPv4 address space according to the established needs of Regional Internet Registries AfriNIC (Africa, portions of the Indian Ocean),APNIC (Portions of Asia, portions of Oceania), ARIN (Canada, many Caribbean and North Atlantic islands, and the United States), LACNIC (Latin America, portions of the Caribbean), and RIPE NCC (Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia). The Regional Internet Registries are responsible for the assignment of IPv4 addresses to operators and users of the Internet within their regions.<ref>[ftp://ftp.ripe.net/rfc/rfc3330.txt ftp.ripe.net]</ref> − − ==IPv4 Address Space & Notation== − IP addresses are 32-bit binary numbers used as addresses in the IPv4 protocol. The three main types of IPv4 addresses are Public IP addresses, Private IP Networks and Global or Specialized IP Addresses <ref>[http://www.ripe.net/ripe/docs/ripe-509#----ipv--address-space www.ripe.net]</ref> − − IPv4 addresses uniquely identify every host computer connected to the Internet which is typically represented as four decimal numbers separated by dots, for example:202.16.208.51. A TCP/IP network routes a packet according to the destination IP address, an address provided by the IP protocol on the sending host. The network address (the part of the address that identifies a users network) and the host address (the part that identifies an individual host on a users network) must all fit into the 32-bit number. The number of hosts an internet user can configure for the network decreases as the length of the portion occupied by the network address increases.The Network Information Centers or [[NIC]]s (including the original InterNIC) assign network addresses for the IPv4-based Internet<ref>[http://uw713doc.sco.com/en/NET_tcpip/tcpC.ipv4.html IPv4 Header Format]</ref> Line 33:
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The total number of unique IP addresses available under the IPv4 format is limited to approximately 4,294,967,296 (232)billion, <ref>[http://www.techterms.com/definition/ipv4 techterms.com]</ref> however it is not enough to cope with projected Internet demand.<ref>[http://www.iana.org/about/glossary/ www.iana.org]</ref> because of the increasing reliance on personal computers, wireless communication devices and radio frequency identification (RFID) tags etc. The Internet Engineering Task Force ([[IETF]]) predicted that the available IP addresses will be depleted as early as 2011.
The total number of unique IP addresses available under the IPv4 format is limited to approximately 4,294,967,296 (232)billion, <ref>[http://www.techterms.com/definition/ipv4 techterms.com]</ref> however it is not enough to cope with projected Internet demand.<ref>[http://www.iana.org/about/glossary/ www.iana.org]</ref> because of the increasing reliance on personal computers, wireless communication devices and radio frequency identification (RFID) tags etc. The Internet Engineering Task Force ([[IETF]]) predicted that the available IP addresses will be depleted as early as 2011.
==IPv4 Header Format==
==IPv4 Header Format==
* Options- A list of optional specifications for security restrictions, route recording, and source routing. Not every datagram specifies an options field.
* Options- A list of optional specifications for security restrictions, route recording, and source routing. Not every datagram specifies an options field.
* Padding- Null bytes which are added to make the header length an integral multiple of 32 bytes as required by the header length field.
* Padding- Null bytes which are added to make the header length an integral multiple of 32 bytes as required by the header length field.
==IPv4 Address Space & Notation==
IP addresses are 32-bit binary numbers used as addresses in the IPv4 protocol. The three main types of IPv4 addresses are Public IP addresses, Private IP Networks and Global or Specialized IP Addresses <ref>[http://www.ripe.net/ripe/docs/ripe-509#----ipv--address-space www.ripe.net]</ref>
IPv4 addresses uniquely identify every host computer connected to the Internet which is typically represented as four decimal numbers separated by dots, for example:202.16.208.51. A TCP/IP network routes a packet according to the destination IP address, an address provided by the IP protocol on the sending host. The network address (the part of the address that identifies a users network) and the host address (the part that identifies an individual host on a users network) must all fit into the 32-bit number. The number of hosts an internet user can configure for the network decreases as the length of the portion occupied by the network address increases.The Network Information Centers or [[NIC]]s (including the original InterNIC) assign network addresses for the IPv4-based Internet<ref>[http://uw713doc.sco.com/en/NET_tcpip/tcpC.ipv4.html IPv4 Header Format]</ref>
==IPv4 Address Allocation==
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority[[IANA]] allocates parts of the IPv4 address space according to the established needs of Regional Internet Registries AfriNIC (Africa, portions of the Indian Ocean),APNIC (Portions of Asia, portions of Oceania), ARIN (Canada, many Caribbean and North Atlantic islands, and the United States), LACNIC (Latin America, portions of the Caribbean), and RIPE NCC (Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia). The Regional Internet Registries are responsible for the assignment of IPv4 addresses to operators and users of the Internet within their regions.<ref>[ftp://ftp.ripe.net/rfc/rfc3330.txt ftp.ripe.net]</ref>
==IPv4 Exhaustion==
==IPv4 Exhaustion==