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→Vertical Separation
===Vertical Separation===
===Vertical Separation===
Take note that Network Solution's was the only registrar and registry operator available from 1993 to 1998. When the DOC amended the NSI's cooperative agreement, SRS and registrar competition was implemented. Under the amended agreement, the DOC also put a condition regarding the renewal of the contract. NSI will be able to automatically renew its contract for another four years if it will separate its registry and registrar business will be separated to promote competition.<ref>[http://archive.icann.org/en/nsi/nsi-registry-agreement-04nov99.htm ICANN-NSI Registry Agreement]</ref>
Take note that Network Solution's was the only registrar and registry operator available from 1993 to 1998. When the DOC amended the NSI's cooperative agreement, SRS and registrar competition was implemented. Under the amended agreement, the DOC also put a condition regarding the renewal of the contract. NSI will be able to automatically renew its contract for another four years if it will separate its registry and registrar business will be separated to promote competition.<ref>[http://archive.icann.org/en/nsi/nsi-registry-agreement-04nov99.htm ICANN-NSI Registry Agreement]</ref>
In 2000, [[Verisign]] purchased Network Solutions for $16 billion. Verisign decided to sell its' registrar business to Pivotal Private for $100 million to concentrate on its registry business.<ref>[http://www.marketwatch.com/story/verisign-sells-domain-registrar-business-for-100-mln VeriSign selling domain registrar business]</ref> This move enabled Verisign to re-negotiate it's registry agreement with ICANN. On April 16, 2001, a Revised Registry Agreement for .com, .net and .org was adopted. Number 23 (C) Fair Treatment of ICANN-Accredited Registrars on the revised agreement stipulated, ''"Registry Operator shall not act as a registrar with respect to the Registry TLD. This shall not preclude Registry Operator from registering names within the domain of the Registry TLD in compliance with Section 24. This also shall not preclude an affiliate (including wholly-owned subsidiaries) of Registry Operator from acting as a registrar with respect to the Registry TLD, provided that Registry Operator complies with the provisions of Subsection 23(E)."''
Sub-section E states that Registry Operators must ensure that its assets and revenues will not be utilized to advance the interests of their affiliate registrars against other accredited competitor registrars. <ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/about/agreements/registries/verisign/registry-agmt-com-16apr01-en.htm Revised VeriSign .com Registry Agreement, 16 April 2001]</ref>
==References==
==References==