Difference between revisions of "Country code top-level domain"
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<tr><td>[[.ai]]</td><td>Anguilla</td><td>[[Government of Anguilla]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.ai]]</td><td>Anguilla</td><td>[[Government of Anguilla]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.al]]</td><td>Albania</td><td>Albania Electronic and Postal Communications Authority ([[AKEP]])</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.al]]</td><td>Albania</td><td>Albania Electronic and Postal Communications Authority ([[AKEP]])</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.am]]</td><td>Armenia</td><td>[[ISOC]] Armenia</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.am]]</td><td>Armenia</td><td>[[ISOC]] Armenia</td><td>Citizenship required</td> |
<tr><td>[[.an]]</td><td>Antilles (Netherlands)</td><td>[[University of the Netherlands - Antilles]]</td><td>Being phased out</td> | <tr><td>[[.an]]</td><td>Antilles (Netherlands)</td><td>[[University of the Netherlands - Antilles]]</td><td>Being phased out</td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.ao]]</td><td>Angola</td><td>[[Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade Agostinho Neto]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.ao]]</td><td>Angola</td><td>[[Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade Agostinho Neto]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.aq]]</td><td>Antarctica</td><td>[[Mott and Associates]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.aq]]</td><td>Antarctica</td><td>[[Mott and Associates]]</td><td>Available to government organizations who are signatories to the Antarctic Treaty, and other registrants with a local physical presence.</td> |
<tr><td>[[.ar]]</td><td>Argentina</td><td>[[MRECIC]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.ar]]</td><td>Argentina</td><td>[[MRECIC]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.as]]</td><td>American Samoa</td><td>[[AS Domain Registry]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.as]]</td><td>American Samoa</td><td>[[AS Domain Registry]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.at]]</td><td>Austria</td><td>[[Nic.at]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.at]]</td><td>Austria</td><td>[[Nic.at]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.au]]</td><td>Australia</td><td>[[auDA]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.au]]</td><td>Australia</td><td>[[auDA]]</td><td>ABN (Australian Business Number) required</td> |
| − | <tr><td>[[.aw]]</td><td>Aruba</td><td>[[SETAR]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.aw]]</td><td>Aruba</td><td>[[SETAR]]</td><td>Restricted to local companies, organizations, and citizens</td> |
<tr><td>[[.ax]]</td><td>Aland Islands</td><td>[[Ålands landskapsregering]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.ax]]</td><td>Aland Islands</td><td>[[Ålands landskapsregering]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.az]]</td><td>Azerbaijan</td><td>[[IntraDNS]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.az]]</td><td>Azerbaijan</td><td>[[IntraDNS]]</td><td></td> | ||
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<tr><td>[[.bb]]</td><td>Barbados</td><td>[[Government of Barbados Ministry of Economic Affairs and Development Telecommunications Unit]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.bb]]</td><td>Barbados</td><td>[[Government of Barbados Ministry of Economic Affairs and Development Telecommunications Unit]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.bd]]</td><td>Bangladesh</td><td>[[Ministry of Post & Telecommunications Bangladesh Secretariat]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.bd]]</td><td>Bangladesh</td><td>[[Ministry of Post & Telecommunications Bangladesh Secretariat]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.be]]</td><td>Belgium</td><td>[[DNS BE]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.be]]</td><td>Belgium</td><td>[[DNS BE]]</td><td>Also unofficially used in Berne, Switzerland</td> |
<tr><td>[[.bf]]</td><td>Burkina Faso</td><td>[[ARCE]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.bf]]</td><td>Burkina Faso</td><td>[[ARCE]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.bg]]</td><td>Bulgaria</td><td>[[Register.BG]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.bg]]</td><td>Bulgaria</td><td>[[Register.BG]]</td><td></td> | ||
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<tr><td>[[.bj]]</td><td>Benin</td><td>[[Offices des Postes et Telecommunications]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.bj]]</td><td>Benin</td><td>[[Offices des Postes et Telecommunications]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.bl]]</td><td>Saint Barthelemy</td><td>Unassigned</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.bl]]</td><td>Saint Barthelemy</td><td>Unassigned</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.bm]]</td><td>Bermuda</td><td>[[Registry General Ministry of Labour and Immigration]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.bm]]</td><td>Bermuda</td><td>[[Registry General Ministry of Labour and Immigration]]</td><td>Local corporate registration required</td> |
<tr><td>[[.bn]]</td><td>Brunei Darussalam</td><td>[[Jabatan Telekom Brunei]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.bn]]</td><td>Brunei Darussalam</td><td>[[Jabatan Telekom Brunei]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.bo]]</td><td>Bolivia</td><td>[[Agencia para el Desarrollo de la Información de la Sociedad en Bolivia]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.bo]]</td><td>Bolivia</td><td>[[Agencia para el Desarrollo de la Información de la Sociedad en Bolivia]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.bq]]</td><td>Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba</td><td>Unassigned</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.bq]]</td><td>Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba</td><td>Unassigned</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.br]]</td><td>Brazil</td><td>[[Comite Gestor da Internet no Brasil]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.br]]</td><td>Brazil</td><td>[[Comite Gestor da Internet no Brasil]]</td><td>Top level registration is restricted, registration at [[SLD|second level]]</td> |
<tr><td>[[.bs]]</td><td>Bahamas</td><td>[[The College of the Bahamas]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.bs]]</td><td>Bahamas</td><td>[[The College of the Bahamas]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.bt]]</td><td>Bhutan</td><td>[[Ministry of Information and Communications]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.bt]]</td><td>Bhutan</td><td>[[Ministry of Information and Communications]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.bv]]</td><td>Bouvet Island</td><td>[[UNINETT Norid AS]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.bv]]</td><td>Bouvet Island</td><td>[[UNINETT Norid AS]]</td><td>Not in use</td> |
<tr><td>[[.bw]]</td><td>Botswana</td><td>[[University of Botswana]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.bw]]</td><td>Botswana</td><td>[[University of Botswana]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.by]]</td><td>Belarus</td><td>[[Open Contact Ltd.]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.by]]</td><td>Belarus</td><td>[[Open Contact Ltd.]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.bz]]</td><td>Belize</td><td>[[University of Belize]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.bz]]</td><td>Belize</td><td>[[University of Belize]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.ca]]</td><td>Canada</td><td>[[CIRA]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.ca]]</td><td>Canada</td><td>[[CIRA]]</td><td>Subject to Canadian Presence Requirements</td> |
| − | <tr><td>[[.cc]]</td><td>Cocos (Keeling) Islands</td><td>[[eNIC Cocos Islands Pty. Ltd.]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.cc]]</td><td>Cocos (Keeling) Islands</td><td>[[eNIC Cocos Islands Pty. Ltd.]]</td><td>Second level domains used in free, public domain service</td> |
<tr><td>[[.cd]]</td><td>Democratic Republic of the Congo</td><td>[[OCPT]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.cd]]</td><td>Democratic Republic of the Congo</td><td>[[OCPT]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.cf]]</td><td>Central African Republic</td><td>[[SOCATEL]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.cf]]</td><td>Central African Republic</td><td>[[SOCATEL]]</td><td></td> | ||
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<tr><td>[[.ci]]</td><td>Cote d'Ivoire</td><td>[[INP-HB]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.ci]]</td><td>Cote d'Ivoire</td><td>[[INP-HB]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.ck]]</td><td>Cook Islands</td><td>[[Telecom Cook Islands Ltd.]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.ck]]</td><td>Cook Islands</td><td>[[Telecom Cook Islands Ltd.]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.cl]]</td><td>Chile</td><td>[[NIC Chile]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.cl]]</td><td>Chile</td><td>[[NIC Chile]]</td><td>Local presence required</td> |
| − | <tr><td>[[.cm]]</td><td>Cameroon</td><td>[[CAMTEL]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.cm]]</td><td>Cameroon</td><td>[[CAMTEL]]</td><td>Restricted to local entities/companies</td> |
| − | <tr><td>[[.cn]]</td><td>China</td><td>[[CNNIC]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.cn]]</td><td>China</td><td>[[CNNIC]]</td><td>Registration allowed worldwide</td> |
<tr><td>[[.co]]</td><td>Colombia</td><td>[[.co Internet]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.co]]</td><td>Colombia</td><td>[[.co Internet]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.cr]]</td><td>Costa Rica</td><td>[[Academia Nacional de Ciencias]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.cr]]</td><td>Costa Rica</td><td>[[Academia Nacional de Ciencias]]</td><td></td> | ||
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<tr><td>[[.cy]]</td><td>Cyprus</td><td>[[University of Cyprus]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.cy]]</td><td>Cyprus</td><td>[[University of Cyprus]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.cz]]</td><td>Czech Republic</td><td>[[CZ.NIC]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.cz]]</td><td>Czech Republic</td><td>[[CZ.NIC]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.de]]</td><td>Germany</td><td>[[DENIC]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.de]]</td><td>Germany</td><td>[[DENIC]]</td><td>German postal address required for administrative contact</td> |
<tr><td>[[.dj]]</td><td>Djibouti</td><td>[[Djibouti Telecom SA]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.dj]]</td><td>Djibouti</td><td>[[Djibouti Telecom SA]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.dk]]</td><td>Denmark</td><td>[[Dansk Internet Forum]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.dk]]</td><td>Denmark</td><td>[[Dansk Internet Forum]]</td><td></td> | ||
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<tr><td>[[.dz]]</td><td>Algeria</td><td>[[CERIST]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.dz]]</td><td>Algeria</td><td>[[CERIST]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.ec]]</td><td>Ecuador</td><td>[[NIC.EC]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.ec]]</td><td>Ecuador</td><td>[[NIC.EC]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.ee]]</td><td>Estonia</td><td>[[National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.ee]]</td><td>Estonia</td><td>[[National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics]]</td><td>Estonian postal address required for administrative contact</td> |
<tr><td>[[.eg]]</td><td>Egypt</td><td>[[EUN Supreme Council of Universities]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.eg]]</td><td>Egypt</td><td>[[EUN Supreme Council of Universities]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.eh]]</td><td>Western Sahara</td><td>Unassigned</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.eh]]</td><td>Western Sahara</td><td>Unassigned</td><td></td> | ||
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<tr><td>[[.es]]</td><td>Spain</td><td>[[Red.es]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.es]]</td><td>Spain</td><td>[[Red.es]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.et]]</td><td>Ethiopia</td><td>[[Ethiopian Telecommunications Corporation]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.et]]</td><td>Ethiopia</td><td>[[Ethiopian Telecommunications Corporation]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.eu]]</td><td>European Union</td><td>[[EURid]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.eu]]</td><td>European Union</td><td>[[EURid]]</td><td>Restricted to institutions, companies, and individuals within the European Union</td> |
| − | <tr><td>[[.fi]]</td><td>Finland</td><td>[[Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.fi]]</td><td>Finland</td><td>[[Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority]]</td><td>Limited to companies and organizations registered in Finland and Finnish citizens</td> |
<tr><td>[[.fj]]</td><td>Fiji</td><td>[[The University of the South Pacific IT Services]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.fj]]</td><td>Fiji</td><td>[[The University of the South Pacific IT Services]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.fk]]</td><td>Falkland Islands (Malvinas)</td><td>[[Falkland Islands Government]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.fk]]</td><td>Falkland Islands (Malvinas)</td><td>[[Falkland Islands Government]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.fm]]</td><td>Federated States of Micronesia</td><td>[[FSM Telecommunications Corporation]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.fm]]</td><td>Federated States of Micronesia</td><td>[[FSM Telecommunications Corporation]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.fo]]</td><td>Faroe Islands</td><td>[[FO Council]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.fo]]</td><td>Faroe Islands</td><td>[[FO Council]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.fr]]</td><td>France</td><td>[[AFNIC]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.fr]]</td><td>France</td><td>[[AFNIC]]</td><td>French presence required</td> |
<tr><td>[[.ga]]</td><td>Gabon</td><td>[[Gabon Telecom]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.ga]]</td><td>Gabon</td><td>[[Gabon Telecom]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.gb]]</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>Unassigned, reserved domain</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.gb]]</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>Unassigned, reserved domain</td><td>Originally meant to replace [[.uk]]</td> |
<tr><td>[[.gd]]</td><td>Grenada</td><td>[[NTRC]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.gd]]</td><td>Grenada</td><td>[[NTRC]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.ge]]</td><td>Georgia</td><td>[[Caucasus Online]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.ge]]</td><td>Georgia</td><td>[[Caucasus Online]]</td><td></td> | ||
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<tr><td>[[.hu]]</td><td>Hungary</td><td>[[CHIP]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.hu]]</td><td>Hungary</td><td>[[CHIP]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.id]]</td><td>Indonesia</td><td>[[IDNIC]]-[[PPAU Mikroelektronika]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.id]]</td><td>Indonesia</td><td>[[IDNIC]]-[[PPAU Mikroelektronika]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.ie]]</td><td>Ireland</td><td>[[University College Dublin Computing Services]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.ie]]</td><td>Ireland</td><td>[[University College Dublin Computing Services]]</td><td>Limited to Irish citizens, Ireland-registered brands and companies, and companies doing business in Ireland</td> |
<tr><td>[[.il]]</td><td>Israel</td><td>[[ISOC]] Israel</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.il]]</td><td>Israel</td><td>[[ISOC]] Israel</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.im]]</td><td>Isle of Man</td><td>[[Isle of Man Government]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.im]]</td><td>Isle of Man</td><td>[[Isle of Man Government]]</td><td></td> | ||
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<tr><td>[[.ir]]</td><td>Islamic Republic of Iran</td><td>[[Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.ir]]</td><td>Islamic Republic of Iran</td><td>[[Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.is]]</td><td>Iceland</td><td>[[ISNIC]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.is]]</td><td>Iceland</td><td>[[ISNIC]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.it]]</td><td>Italy</td><td>[[IIT - CNR]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.it]]</td><td>Italy</td><td>[[IIT - CNR]]</td><td>Restricted to companies and individuals within the EU</td> |
<tr><td>[[.je]]</td><td>Jersey</td><td>[[Island Networks (Jersey) Ltd.]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.je]]</td><td>Jersey</td><td>[[Island Networks (Jersey) Ltd.]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.jm]]</td><td>Jamaica</td><td>[[University of West Indies]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.jm]]</td><td>Jamaica</td><td>[[University of West Indies]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.jo]]</td><td>Jordan</td><td>[[NITC]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.jo]]</td><td>Jordan</td><td>[[NITC]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.jp]]</td><td>Japan</td><td>[[Japan Registry Services]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.jp]]</td><td>Japan</td><td>[[Japan Registry Services]]</td><td>Physical address within Japan required</td> |
<tr><td>[[.ke]]</td><td>Kenya</td><td>[[KeNIC]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.ke]]</td><td>Kenya</td><td>[[KeNIC]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.kg]]</td><td>Kyrgyzstan</td><td>[[AsiaInfo Telecommunications Enterprise]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.kg]]</td><td>Kyrgyzstan</td><td>[[AsiaInfo Telecommunications Enterprise]]</td><td></td> | ||
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<tr><td>[[.kp]]</td><td>Republic of Korea</td><td>[[KISA]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.kp]]</td><td>Republic of Korea</td><td>[[KISA]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.kw]]</td><td>Kuwait</td><td>[[Ministry of Communications]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.kw]]</td><td>Kuwait</td><td>[[Ministry of Communications]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.ky]]</td><td>Caymen Islands</td><td>[[The Information and Communication Authority]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.ky]]</td><td>Caymen Islands</td><td>[[The Information and Communication Authority]]</td><td>Restricted to qualified Cayman entities</td> |
<tr><td>[[.kz]]</td><td>Kazakhstan</td><td>[[Association of IT Companies of Kazakhstan]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.kz]]</td><td>Kazakhstan</td><td>[[Association of IT Companies of Kazakhstan]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.la]]</td><td>Laos</td><td>[[LANIC]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.la]]</td><td>Laos</td><td>[[LANIC]]</td><td>Currently marketed as an unofficial domain for Los Angeles</td> |
| − | <tr><td>[[.lb]]</td><td>Lebanon</td><td>[[American University of Beirut Computing and Networking Services]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.lb]]</td><td>Lebanon</td><td>[[American University of Beirut Computing and Networking Services]]</td><td> Restricted to companies within Lebanon</td> |
<tr><td>[[.lc]]</td><td>Saint Lucia</td><td>[[University of Puerto Rico]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.lc]]</td><td>Saint Lucia</td><td>[[University of Puerto Rico]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.li]]</td><td>Liechtenstein</td><td>[[Universitaet Liechtenstein]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.li]]</td><td>Liechtenstein</td><td>[[Universitaet Liechtenstein]]</td><td></td> | ||
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<tr><td>[[.ma]]</td><td>Morocco</td><td>[[ANRT]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.ma]]</td><td>Morocco</td><td>[[ANRT]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.mc]]</td><td>Monaco</td><td>[[Gouvernement de Monaco Direction des Communications Electroniques]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.mc]]</td><td>Monaco</td><td>[[Gouvernement de Monaco Direction des Communications Electroniques]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.md]]</td><td>Republic of Moldova</td><td>[[MoldData]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.md]]</td><td>Republic of Moldova</td><td>[[MoldData]]</td><td>Marketed to medical professionals worldwide</td> |
<tr><td>[[.me]]</td><td>Montenegro</td><td>[[Government of Montenegro]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.me]]</td><td>Montenegro</td><td>[[Government of Montenegro]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.mf]]</td><td>Saint Martin</td><td>Unassigned</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.mf]]</td><td>Saint Martin</td><td>Unassigned</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.mg]]</td><td>Madagascar</td><td>[[NIC-MG]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.mg]]</td><td>Madagascar</td><td>[[NIC-MG]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.mh]]</td><td>Marshall Islands</td><td>[[Cabinet Office]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.mh]]</td><td>Marshall Islands</td><td>[[Cabinet Office]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.mk]]</td><td>Macedonia</td><td>[[Ministry of Foreign Relations]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.mk]]</td><td>Macedonia</td><td>[[Ministry of Foreign Relations]]</td><td>Restricted to companies within Macedonia</td> |
<tr><td>[[.ml]]</td><td>Mali</td><td>[[SOTELMA]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.ml]]</td><td>Mali</td><td>[[SOTELMA]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.mm]]</td><td>Myanmar</td><td>[[Ministry of Communications, Posts & Telegraphs]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.mm]]</td><td>Myanmar</td><td>[[Ministry of Communications, Posts & Telegraphs]]</td><td></td> | ||
| Line 181: | Line 181: | ||
<tr><td>[[.mw]]</td><td>Malawi</td><td>[[Malawi SDNP]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.mw]]</td><td>Malawi</td><td>[[Malawi SDNP]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.mx]]</td><td>Mexico</td><td>[[NIC Mexico]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.mx]]</td><td>Mexico</td><td>[[NIC Mexico]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.my]]</td><td>Malaysia</td><td>[[MYNIC]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.my]]</td><td>Malaysia</td><td>[[MYNIC]]</td><td>Restricted to individuals and companies within Malaysia</td> |
<tr><td>[[.nc]]</td><td>New Caledonia</td><td>[[Office des Postes et Telecommunications]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.nc]]</td><td>New Caledonia</td><td>[[Office des Postes et Telecommunications]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.ne]]</td><td>Niger</td><td>[[SONITEL]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.ne]]</td><td>Niger</td><td>[[SONITEL]]</td><td></td> | ||
| Line 187: | Line 187: | ||
<tr><td>[[.ng]]</td><td>Nigeria</td><td>[[NiRA]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.ng]]</td><td>Nigeria</td><td>[[NiRA]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.ni]]</td><td>Nicaragua</td><td>[[Universidad Nacional del Ingernieria Centro de Computo]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.ni]]</td><td>Nicaragua</td><td>[[Universidad Nacional del Ingernieria Centro de Computo]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.nl]]</td><td>Netherlands</td><td>[[Stichting Internet Domeinregistratie Nederland]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.nl]]</td><td>Netherlands</td><td>[[Stichting Internet Domeinregistratie Nederland]]</td><td>Was the first official ccTLD to be assigned</td> |
| − | <tr><td>[[.no]]</td><td>Norway</td><td>[[UNINETT Norid AS]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.no]]</td><td>Norway</td><td>[[UNINETT Norid AS]]</td><td>Restricted to companies in Norway. Individuals may register under the [[SLD]] .priv.no.</td> |
<tr><td>[[.np]]</td><td>Nepal</td><td>[[Mercantile Communications]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.np]]</td><td>Nepal</td><td>[[Mercantile Communications]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.nr]]</td><td>Nauru</td><td>[[CENPAC NET]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.nr]]</td><td>Nauru</td><td>[[CENPAC NET]]</td><td>Second level domain .co.nr is used as a free domain service</td> |
| − | <tr><td>[[.nu]]</td><td>Niue</td><td>[[The IUSN Foundation]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.nu]]</td><td>Niue</td><td>[[The IUSN Foundation]]</td><td>Used as "new" for English language websites and "now" for Danish, Dutch, and Swedish websites.</td> |
<tr><td>[[.nz]]</td><td>New Zealand</td><td>[[InternetNZ]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.nz]]</td><td>New Zealand</td><td>[[InternetNZ]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.om]]</td><td>Oman</td><td>[[TRA]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.om]]</td><td>Oman</td><td>[[TRA]]</td><td></td> | ||
| Line 209: | Line 209: | ||
<tr><td>[[.py]]</td><td>Paraguay</td><td>[[NIC-PY]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.py]]</td><td>Paraguay</td><td>[[NIC-PY]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.qa]]</td><td>Qatar</td><td>[[ictQATAR]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.qa]]</td><td>Qatar</td><td>[[ictQATAR]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.re]]</td><td>Reunion</td><td>[[AFNIC]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.re]]</td><td>Reunion</td><td>[[AFNIC]]</td><td>Restricted to brand owners in Reunion and to companies with an address in Reunion.</td> |
<tr><td>[[.ro]]</td><td>Romania</td><td>[[National Institute for R&D in Informatics]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.ro]]</td><td>Romania</td><td>[[National Institute for R&D in Informatics]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.rs]]</td><td>Serbia</td><td>[[RNIDS]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.rs]]</td><td>Serbia</td><td>[[RNIDS]]</td><td></td> | ||
| Line 222: | Line 222: | ||
<tr><td>[[.sh]]</td><td>Saint Helena</td><td>[[Government of St. Helena]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.sh]]</td><td>Saint Helena</td><td>[[Government of St. Helena]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.si]]</td><td>Slovenia</td><td>[[ARNES]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.si]]</td><td>Slovenia</td><td>[[ARNES]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.sj]]</td><td>Svalbard and Jan Mayen</td><td>[[UNINETT Norid AS]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.sj]]</td><td>Svalbard and Jan Mayen</td><td>[[UNINETT Norid AS]]</td><td>Not in use</td> |
| − | <tr><td>[[.sk]]</td><td>Slovakia</td><td>[[SK-NIC]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.sk]]</td><td>Slovakia</td><td>[[SK-NIC]]</td><td>Restricted to Slovakian companies, organizations, and citizens</td> |
<tr><td>[[.sl]]</td><td>Sierra Leone</td><td>[[Sierratel]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.sl]]</td><td>Sierra Leone</td><td>[[Sierratel]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.sm]]</td><td>San Marino</td><td>[[Telecom Italia San Marino]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.sm]]</td><td>San Marino</td><td>[[Telecom Italia San Marino]]</td><td>Domain name must be same as company name or trademark</td> |
<tr><td>[[.sn]]</td><td>Senegal</td><td>[[Universite Cheikh Anta Diop]] and [[NIC Senegal]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.sn]]</td><td>Senegal</td><td>[[Universite Cheikh Anta Diop]] and [[NIC Senegal]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.so]]</td><td>Somalia</td><td>[[Somalia Ministry of Post and Telecommunications]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.so]]</td><td>Somalia</td><td>[[Somalia Ministry of Post and Telecommunications]]</td><td>Relaunched on Novemner 1, 2010</td> |
<tr><td>[[.sr]]</td><td>Suriname</td><td>[[Telesur]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.sr]]</td><td>Suriname</td><td>[[Telesur]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.ss]]</td><td>South Sudan</td><td>Unassigned</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.ss]]</td><td>South Sudan</td><td>Unassigned</td><td></td> | ||
| Line 237: | Line 237: | ||
<tr><td>[[.sz]]</td><td>Swaziland</td><td>[[University of Swaziland Department of Computer Science]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.sz]]</td><td>Swaziland</td><td>[[University of Swaziland Department of Computer Science]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.tc]]</td><td>Turks and Caicos Islands</td><td>[[MelrexTC]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.tc]]</td><td>Turks and Caicos Islands</td><td>[[MelrexTC]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.td]]</td><td>Chad</td><td>[[SOTEL TCHAD]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.td]]</td><td>Chad</td><td>[[SOTEL TCHAD]]</td><td>Restricted to entities connected with Chad</td> |
<tr><td>[[.tf]]</td><td>French Southern Territories</td><td>[[AFNIC]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.tf]]</td><td>French Southern Territories</td><td>[[AFNIC]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.tg]]</td><td>Togo</td><td>[[Cafe Informatique et Telecommunications]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.tg]]</td><td>Togo</td><td>[[Cafe Informatique et Telecommunications]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.th]]</td><td>Thailand</td><td>[[THNIC]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.th]]</td><td>Thailand</td><td>[[THNIC]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.tj]]</td><td>Tajikistan</td><td>[[Information Technology Center]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.tj]]</td><td>Tajikistan</td><td>[[Information Technology Center]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.tk]]</td><td>Tokelau</td><td>[[Teletok]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.tk]]</td><td>Tokelau</td><td>[[Teletok]]</td><td>Used as a free public domain service</td> |
| − | <tr><td>[[.tl]]</td><td>Timor-Leste</td><td>[[Ministry Infrastructure Information and Technology Division]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.tl]]</td><td>Timor-Leste</td><td>[[Ministry Infrastructure Information and Technology Division]]</td><td> Old code, [[.tp]], still also in use</td> |
<tr><td>[[.tm]]</td><td>Turkmenistan</td><td>[[TM Domain Registry]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.tm]]</td><td>Turkmenistan</td><td>[[TM Domain Registry]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.tn]]</td><td>Tunisia</td><td>[[Agence Tunisienne d'Internet]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.tn]]</td><td>Tunisia</td><td>[[Agence Tunisienne d'Internet]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.to]]</td><td>Tonga</td><td>[[Government of the Kingdom of Tonga]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.to]]</td><td>Tonga</td><td>[[Government of the Kingdom of Tonga]]</td><td>Unofficially used for torrent, Toronto, and Tokyo</td> |
| − | <tr><td>[[.tp]]</td><td>Portuguese Timor</td><td>Unassigned</td><td>Being phased out</td> | + | <tr><td>[[.tp]]</td><td>Portuguese Timor</td><td>Unassigned</td><td>Being phased out in favor of [[.tl]]</td> |
| − | <tr><td>[[.tr]]</td><td>Turkey</td><td>[[Middle East Technical University Department of Computer Engineering]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.tr]]</td><td>Turkey</td><td>[[Middle East Technical University Department of Computer Engineering]]</td><td>.nc.tr used by Northern Cyprus</td> |
<tr><td>[[.tt]]</td><td>Trinidad and Tobago</td><td>[[University of the West Indies Faculty of Engineering]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.tt]]</td><td>Trinidad and Tobago</td><td>[[University of the West Indies Faculty of Engineering]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.tv]]</td><td>Tuvalu</td><td>[[Ministry of Finance and Tourism]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.tv]]</td><td>Tuvalu</td><td>[[Ministry of Finance and Tourism]]</td><td>Used as a abbreviation for television</td> |
| − | <tr><td>[[.tw]]</td><td>Taiwan</td><td>[[TWNIC]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.tw]]</td><td>Taiwan</td><td>[[TWNIC]]</td><td>Registration allowed worldwide</td> |
| − | <tr><td>[[.tz]]</td><td>Tanzania</td><td>[[TzNIC]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.tz]]</td><td>Tanzania</td><td>[[TzNIC]]</td><td>Presence within Tanzania required</td> |
<tr><td>[[.ua]]</td><td>Ukraine</td><td>[[Communication Systems Ltd.]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.ua]]</td><td>Ukraine</td><td>[[Communication Systems Ltd.]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.ug]]</td><td>Uganda</td><td>[[Uganda Online]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.ug]]</td><td>Uganda</td><td>[[Uganda Online]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.uk]]</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>[[Nominet]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.uk]]</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>[[Nominet]]</td><td>Ukranian trademark required</td> |
<tr><td>[[.um]]</td><td>United States Minor Outlying Islands</td><td>Unassigned</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.um]]</td><td>United States Minor Outlying Islands</td><td>Unassigned</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.us]]</td><td>United States</td><td>[[NeuStar]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.us]]</td><td>United States</td><td>[[NeuStar]]</td><td>Commonly used by US state and local governments instead of [[.gov]]</td> |
<tr><td>[[.uy]]</td><td>Uruguay</td><td>[[SeCIU]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.uy]]</td><td>Uruguay</td><td>[[SeCIU]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.uz]]</td><td>Uzbekistan</td><td>[[UZINFOCOM]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.uz]]</td><td>Uzbekistan</td><td>[[UZINFOCOM]]</td><td></td> | ||
| − | <tr><td>[[.va]]</td><td>Vatican City</td><td>[[Internet Office of the Holy See]]</td><td></td> | + | <tr><td>[[.va]]</td><td>Vatican City</td><td>[[Internet Office of the Holy See]]</td><td>Limited to officials sites of the Vatican/Holy See</td> |
<tr><td>[[.vc]]</td><td>Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</td><td>[[Ministry of Telecommunications, Science, Technology and Industry]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.vc]]</td><td>Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</td><td>[[Ministry of Telecommunications, Science, Technology and Industry]]</td><td></td> | ||
<tr><td>[[.ve]]</td><td>Venezuela</td><td>[[CONATEL]]</td><td></td> | <tr><td>[[.ve]]</td><td>Venezuela</td><td>[[CONATEL]]</td><td></td> | ||
Revision as of 08:57, 8 October 2011
The Country Code Top-Level Domains (ccTLDs) represent two-letter Internet top-level domains (TLDs) specifically designed for a particular country, sovereign state or autonomous territory for use to service their community. ccTLDs are two-letter top-level domains which are derived from the ISO 3166 standard. [1]
Implementation
The implementation of ccTLDs was started by IANA. The delegation and creation of ccTLDs is presented within RFC 1951. In order to determine whether new ccTLDs should be added or not, the IANA follows the provisions of ISO 3166 - Maintenance Agency. More information related to the development of new ccTLDs in comprised within IANA's Procedures for Establishing ccTLDs. [2]
IANA's Procedures for ccTLDs
Within its database, IANA contains authoritative information related to ccTLDs, referring to sponsoring organizations, technical and administrative contacts, name servers, registration URLs and other such information. This type of information provides extra details regarding the IANA's procedures for maintaining the ccTLD database.
Delegation and Redelegation
The process through which the designated manager, or managers, is changed is know as redelegation. The process follows the provisions of ICP-1 and RFC 1591. IANA receives all requests of a sponsoring organization related to delegation and redelegation for the ccTLDs. The requests are then analyzed by IANA based on various technical and public criterion, and finally sent to the ICANN Board of Directors for approval or refusal. If approved, IANA is also responsible for the implementation of the request.[3]
Conceptually speaking, the delegation and redelegation processes are simple, but can easily become complex if there are many organizations and individuals involved in the process. There is a set of steps which must be followed before sending the request for delegation or redelegation. An initial request should be developed based on The Change Request Template and supplementary information to prove that the eligibility criteria has been met by the initial request. All the information supplied is used by the IANA to fortify the request received.
ccTLDs and ICANN
The policies developed by ICANN are implemented by gTLD registry operators, ccTLD managers, root-nameserver operators and regional Internet registries. One of the main activities of ICANN is to work with other organizations involved in the technical coordination of the Internet with the purpose of formally documenting their participatory role within the ICANN process. These organizations are committed to the ICANN policies that result from their work.[4]
Starting in 2000, ICANN started cooperating with ccTLD managers to document their relationship. Due to various circumstances such as: the type of organization, cultural issues, economics, the legal environment, etc., the relationships between ICANN and ccTLD mangers are often complex. Another consideration is the role of the national government in "managing or establishing policy for their own ccTLD" (role recognized in the June 1998, U.S. Government White Paper).
In 2009, ICANN began the implementation of an IDN ccTLD Fast Track Process,[5] whereby countries that use non-Latin script are able to claim ccTLDs in their native script and the corresponding Latin version. As of early 2011, 33 requests have been received, representing 22 languages.[6] More than half have already been approved.[7]